土库曼斯坦马纳特简介 ISO 4217 Code：TMMUser(s)：TurkmenistanInflation：11%Source：The World Factbook, 2006 est.Subunit：1/100 tennesiSymbol：mPlural：manattennesi：tennesiCoins：500, 1000 manatBanknotes：1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 5000, 10000 manatCentral bank：Central Bank of TurkmenistanThe manat is the currency unit of Turkmenistan. It was introduced on November 1, 1993, replacing the Russian ruble at a rate of one manat for 500 rubles. A Turkmenistani manat (TMM) is made up of 100 tennesi. The abbreviation m is sometimes used, e.g. 25 000 m is twenty-five thousand manat.EtymologyThe word 'manat' is borrowed from the Russian word "moneta" meaning "coin". Likewise, 'manat' was the name of the Soviet ruble in both Azeri and Turkmen.CoinsA series of tennesi coins were issued in 1993. They were 1, 5, 10, 20, and 50 tennesi. Another series of 500 and 1000 manat was issued in 1999.BanknotesPresently, banknotes are issued in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 5000 and 10000 manat, . All notes bear a portrait of former president Saparmurat Niyazov.Black market exchangeThe Manat has a large disparity between its official and black market rates, with the latter being roughly 21% greater than the official. This results in few institutions outside Turkmen Governmental control supporting the official rate. A few multinational companies have continued to adhere to the official rate - such as British Airways - but generally only for purchases by Turkmen passport holders in the country itself. 土库曼斯坦马纳特样币 土库曼斯坦马纳特铸币 土库曼斯坦马纳特铸币